8,936 research outputs found
Properties of Catlin's reduced graphs and supereulerian graphs
A graph is called collapsible if for every even subset ,
there is a spanning connected subgraph of such that is the set of
vertices of odd degree in . A graph is the reduction of if it is
obtained from by contracting all the nontrivial collapsible subgraphs. A
graph is reduced if it has no nontrivial collapsible subgraphs. In this paper,
we first prove a few results on the properties of reduced graphs. As an
application, for 3-edge-connected graphs of order with for any where are given, we show how such graphs
change if they have no spanning Eulerian subgraphs when is increased from
to 10 then to
Quasilocal Center-of-Mass for Teleparallel Gravity
Asymptotically flat gravitating systems have 10 conserved quantities, which
lack proper local densities. It has been hoped that the teleparallel equivalent
of Einstein's GR (TEGR, aka GR) could solve this gravitational
energy-momentum localization problem. Meanwhile a new idea: quasilocal
quantities, has come into favor. The earlier quasilocal investigations focused
on energy-momentum. Recently we considered quasilocal angular momentum for the
teleparallel theory and found that the popular expression (unlike our
``covariant-symplectic'' one) gives the correct result only in a certain frame.
We now report that the center-of-mass moment, which has largely been neglected,
gives an even stronger requirement. We found (independent of the frame gauge)
that our ``covariant symplectic'' Hamiltonian-boundary-term quasilocal
expression succeeds for all the quasilocal quantities, while the usual
expression cannot give the desired center-of-mass moment. We also conclude,
contrary to hopes, that the teleparallel formulation appears to have no
advantage over GR with regard to localization.Comment: 12 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 10th Marcel Grossman
meeting (Rio de Janeiro, 2003
The Architecture of Complexity Revisited: Design Primitives for Ultra-Large-Scale Systems
As software-intensive systems continue to grow in scale and complexity the techniques that we have used to design and analyze them in the past no longer suffice. In this paper we look at examples of existing ultra-large-scale systems—systems of enormous size and complexity. We examine instances of such systems that have arisen spontaneously in nature and those that have been human-constructed. We distill from these example systems the design primitives that underlie them. We capture these design primitives as a set of tactics— fundamental architectural building-blocks—and argue that to efficiently build and analyze such systems in the future we should strongly consider employing such building-blocks
3-(3-Bromophenyl)-N-phenyloxirane-2-carboxamide
There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H12BrNO2. In both molecules, the two benzene rings adopt a cis configuration with respect to the epoxy ring. In one molecule, the epoxy ring makes dihedral angles of 60.5 (2) and 77.92 (19)° with the two benzene rings; in the other molecule, the values are 61.0 (2) and 81.43 (19)°. Intermolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure
5-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole
In the title compound, C8H7N5O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene and tetrazole rings is 63.13 (8)°. The crystal structure exhibits intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds which lead to the formation of one-dimensional chains along the [010] direction
Service - Oriented Challenges for Design Science: Charting the “E”-volution
This article links service-dominant (S-D) logic and design science to advance service system design, which is characterized by the indeterminacy of the design problems and outcome measures. Although much progress has been made in IT and IS toward service-orientation, these developments are often adaptations of goods-dominant (G-D) logic, rather than a full transition to a service orientation. In this paper, the “e”-volution of systems design, transitioning from G-D logic to S-D logic, is described and the IS design challenges implied by S-D logic are identified. To devise new, service-oriented modeling, methods and evaluation measurements, S-D logic endorses a fundamental shift in design thinking for design science from “bounded rationality” for problem solving to “expandable rationality” for design for the unknown.
Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol2/iss1/3
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